Fermentation in the gut and CFS(By Dr Sarah Myhill and Craig Robinson)Nutritional products (but not prescription medications) either referred to in this page or in other pages on this website can be bought from my online shop Sales at Dr Myhill. I am most grateful to Dr Henry Butt from Australia for providing essential information! I spent a day with him in January 2. Please see below for full details. From an evolutionary perspective this has been a highly successful strategy - it allows people who live in Northern Canada such as Inuits and Yupiks to live on fat and protein and other people to survive on pure vegan diets. This allowed them to access new foods namely pulses, grains and root vegetables, all of which need cooking to be digestible. ![]() From an evolutionary perspective this has, again, been a highly successful strategy and has allowed the population of humans to increase at a great rate. However carbohydrates have the potential to be fermented in the upper gut with problems arising as detailed below. CFS sufferers can be viewed as evolutionary carnivorous relics! It is possible that some psychiatric conditions are caused by gut microbes fermenting neurotransmitters to create amphetamine and LSD like substances - this is not my idea but that of a Japanese researcher Katsunari Nishihara, presented in his paper . This is normally achieved by eating a Stone Age Diet; having an acidic stomach which digests protein efficiently and kills the acid sensitive microbes; then by an alkali duodenum, which kills the alkali sensitive microbes with bicarbonate; then via bile salts (which are also toxic to microbes) and pancreatic enzymes to further digest protein, fats and carbohydrates. The small intestine does more digesting and also absorbs the amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol and simple sugars that result. Please see Stomach, duodenum, small intestine and colon for a diagrammatic representation of the gut and its various constituent parts. For example, bacteroides ferment soluble fibre to produce short chain fatty acids - over 5. ![]() This also creates heat to help keep us warm. The human body is made up of 1. Bacteria make up 6. However, 9. 9% of the bacteria are from 3. The most important are bacteroides which are a group of anaerobic bacteria - these anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobes by a factor of 1,0. It should be remembered that some anaerobic microbes can tolerate some oxygen - the most important of these is E coli. Le microbiote intestinal humain, anciennement appelé flore intestinale humaine, est l'ensemble des micro-organismes (archées, bactéries, protistes, fungi et aussi. Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as. MICROBIOLOGY. Bacteroides spp are non-spore forming gram-negative bacilli that are part of the human resident flora. Microbiologically, they are distinguished from. 1 The normal state of affairs; 2 Bacteria and yeast in the upper gut; 3 Other problems caused by upper gut fermentation; 4 Tests for microbes in the upper gut - gut. It is bacteroides which allow us to digest soluble fibre and make short chain fatty acids. This is the main source of food for the colonocytes, the cells lining the bowel and if this is low, then it will result in atrophy of the colon. Short chain fatty acids also protect us from hypoglycaemia. Indeed, as previously noted, it is estimated that over 5. Kcal per day may be generated via the production of short chain fatty acids by bacteriodes fermenting soluble fibre - a very significant source of energy! They are essential for recycling of bile acids and so low levels of bile acids may indicate poor levels of bacteroides. They occupy the surface of the gut, thus preventing pathogenic species (such as salmonella, shigella and clostridia) from adhering to it and causing infection. There is no probiotic which contains bacteroides, simply because bacteroides cannot exist outside the human gut - oxygen kills bacteroides quickly. We just have to feed the gut with the right food (prebiotics) found in pulses, nuts, seeds and vegetables. If numbers of bacteroides are low then meat and meat broth provides essential building block nutrients. Also see Faecal bacteriotherapy. E- coli. One gram of stool should contain between 7 million and 9. ![]() ![]() E- coli microbes. E- coli ferments to produce folic acid, vitamin K2 (this protects against osteoporosis), Co- enzyme Q1. Tryptophan is a pre- cursor of serotonin, which is responsible for gut motility. So, if there are low counts of E- coli, one can expect problems in all the above areas, i. Dr Butt told me about a study done in Germany where E- coli probiotics were given in the treatment of constipation and there was a dramatic improvement from 1. E- coli is contained in the probiotic Mutaflor produced commercially in Germany - please see Growing Mutaflor and also Mutaflor - description and efficacy of treatment of certain indications for further details, and in particular see page 7 of the second link for details of the studies that Dr Butt was referring to. ![]() However, equally, or perhaps even more important, is to provide food substrate in the form of fucose - abundant in figs. You may be shocked to read me advising the consumption of a sugar, fucose. Briefly, the term sugar is a biochemical term which encompasses both the bad and the good! The sugars commonly used in the Western Diet, glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, are some of the . The so called . They encourage growth of the friendly microbes. I am on a steep learning curve here. Of course foods have a mixture of good sugars and bad sugars. What any one person can tolerate will be individual to them and depend on several factors such as. Their ability to keep the upper gut clean (good stomach acid, pancreatic enzyme, bicarbonates and bile salts)How efficient is their digestion and absorption (again good stomach acid, pancreatic enzyme, bicarbonates and bile salts)Which microbes are present depends on how the gut was inoculated at birth and how it has been fed since, together with subsequent food poisonings/antibiotic use etc. Whether one is allergic to the microbe. And probably other factors! One needs to eat those foods which have concentrations of the rare sugars that outweigh the problems of the other . My guess, and hope, is that as the gut flora is helped for the better by eating the right foods, including the . This will mean that some unfriendly sugars may cease to be a metabolic problem. Watch this space! These ferment sugars to lactic acid - this can be a problem for some patients because two forms are produced namely L lactate, which can be broken down and D lactate, which is the problem! Humans do not have the enzymes to break down D lactate. In cattle, D lactate acidosis can not be distinguished clinically from BSE! Lactobacilli have the potential to do good but if there is too much sugar and fruit sugar in the diet then there is potential for great harm. ![]() Microbiology Cows' guts & microbes ? In response to stress, your. Bifidobacteria. We need to concentrate our efforts on the above 'goodies' - get these right and all else falls into place! Other bacteria, as below, will flourish if numbers of the above decline for whatever reason - Nature abhors a vacuum! This may give a tendency to acidosis. Lactic acid is metabolised in the liver by lactate dehydrogenase, so high levels of this may indicate bowel overgrowth with streptococcus. Fermentation produces two isomers of lactic acid, namely L- lactate and D- lactate. Again it is D- lactate which is the problem, the body cannot metabolise this, it accumulates in mitochondria and inhibits them, thus producing all the symptoms of CFS, including foggy brain. One can measure D lactate in the blood stream. Streptococcus over- growth treated with erythromycin has been shown to improve sleep quality. Prevotella (bacteroides in the upper gut). It is thought that these ferment to produce hydrogen sulphide. Hydrogen sulphide inhibits mitochondrial function directly. So a positive hydrogen sulphide urine test shows that there is a severe gut dysbiosis probably due to overgrowth of prevotella. Bacteria and yeast in the upper gut. In some patients there are bacteria, yeasts and possibly other parasites existing in the upper gut, which means that foods are fermented there instead of being digested. When foods get fermented they produce all sorts of unwanted products which have to be detoxified by the liver cytochrome P4. A brief summary of this system can be seen at Phase 1 and 2 Liver Detoxification Pathways. In summary, these phases, or stages, comprise: Stage 1 - conversion of a toxic chemical into a less toxic one, although this stage may sometimes result in a more toxic chemical, and Stage 2 - the adding of a substance to render toxins less harmful. Please see the section The liver P4. These products, caused by the fermentation of food in the upper gut, and, which have to be detoxified, include. Alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol and possibly methyl alcohol. These would be metabolised by stage one into acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, butylaldehyde and possibly formaldehyde. Alcohol and acetaldehydes result in foggy brain, . Alcohol also upsets blood sugar levels. This makes the sufferer crave sugar and refined carbohydrates - the very foods bugs need in the upper gut to ensure their own survival. This is arguably a clever evolutionary ploy by bugs to ensure their own survival! Please also see Alcohol intolerance in CFS - gives us a clue as to the mechanisms of fatigue. Noxious gases such as hydrogen sulphide, nitric oxide, ammonia and possibly others. Hydrogen sulphide is known to inhibit mitochondria and block the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin. It also greatly increases the toxicity of heavy metals by enhancing their absorption. This right handed sugar cannot be detoxified by lactate dehydrogenase, a liver enzyme. For those interested in right- handedness and left- handedness, please see Chirality (chemistry). If D- lactate is present, then it could point to a problem with gut fermentation. It may result in lactic acidosis. These patients typically present with episodic metabolic acidosis (usually occurring after high carbohydrate meals) and characteristic neurological abnormalities including confusion, cerebellar ataxia, slurred speech, and loss of memory. In a review of 2. Please see D- Lactic Acidosis- A Review of Clinical Presentation, Biochemical Features, and Pathophysiologic Mechanisms for further details of this review. They may complain of, or appear to be, drunk in the absence of ethanol intake. Indeed, this phenomenon is much better described in the vet world.
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